Gas tungsten arc welding fundamentals: Understanding GTAW
WEBFeb 19, 2001 · 2. Thoriated tungstenis the most common type of tungsten electrode for use on carbon and stainless steel.It can be purchased with 1 or 2 percent thorium. The thoriated tungsten starts readily and maintains a stable arc. It has a greater resistance to contamination and will maintain a sharp point and will not break down as readily as pure …
Bending Basics: The fundamentals of how to bend metal
WEBJan 2, 2014 · Bending and Forming. Figure 1: A plate’s grains run parallel to the rolling direction. While sheet metal gauges run from 0.005 to 0.249 inch thick, aluminum and steel plate thicknesses start at 0.250 in. and go all the way up to 13 in. or even more. Likewise, plate steel varies in strengths from mild varieties to some very high-strength ...
5 steps for proper weld preparation - The Fabricator
WEBNov 25, 2020 · Enter the grinding stroke on a pull rather than on a push to help control the aggression of the grinding wheel. Grind in line with the material using smooth, even strokes rather than short, choppy strokes. This provides effective results with coated abrasives and bonded abrasives. • Avoid arm grinding.
The truth about pipeline welding and pipeline welder salary
WEBMar 25, 2020 · Photos courtesy of Keith Armentrout, Burnet, Texas. On average, a pipeline welder can make between $36 and $52 an hour on arm pay, anywhere from $15 to $25 an hour for the truck pay, and then somewhere between $100 and $150 for the per diem. With all that, let's just say for an example, on a 60-hour workweek a pipeline welder could be …
Sheet metal bending calculation basics - The Fabricator
WEBNov 9, 2012 · Sheet Metal Bending Calculation. Bend Allowance (BA) BA = [ (0.017453 × Inside radius) + (0.0078 × Material thickness)] × Bend angle, which is always complementary. The length of the neutral axis is calculated as a bend allowance, taken at 50 percent of the material thickness.
Aluminum TIG welding settings: What you need to know - The …
WEBJul 19, 2018 · The rule of thumb for aluminum GTAW is to use 1 amp for every thousandth (0.001) of material thickness. In other words, welding a base material that is 1⁄8 in. (0.125) thick would require about 125 amps. When the base material is more than ¼ in. thick, the rule of thumb begins to deviate, and not as much amperage is needed.
Tube bending basics: How to bend tubing and metal pipe - The …
WEBFeb 24, 2014 · Specialty tube bending processes abound, some old and some new. Most tubes, though, are bent one of four ways: ram-type bending, roll bending, compression bending, or rotary draw bendin g. Figure 1. Pipe is specified by its nominal pipe size, while tube is specified by its outside diameter.
Start with the basics: Understanding flux-cored wires
WEBJan 15, 2008 · Start at the Beginning. Gas-shielded and self-shielded flux-cored wires are available for flat/horizontal or all-position welding on base materials ranging from mild and low-alloy steel to stainless steel and special alloyed metals like chrome-moly. Flux-cored wires also are available for hardsurfacing new parts to protect them from impact and ...
Die Basics 101: Forming operations - The Fabricator
WEBJun 14, 2005 · Bending and Forming. Figure 1. Embossing. All forming operations deform sheet material by exposing it to tension, compression, or both. Most part defects, such as splits and wrinkles, occur in forming operations. Successful sheet metal forming relies heavily on the metal's mechanical properties. The metal being formed must have the …
Analyzing the k-factor in sheet metal bending - The Fabricator
WEBSep 12, 2018 · To understand the k-factor, you need a firm grasp of a few basic terms, the first being the neutral axis. The neutral axis is a theoretical area lying at 50 percent of the material thickness while unstressed and flat. The neutral axis is a shifty guy; that is, it shifts toward the inside of the bend.