Sep 7, 2021 · Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a four-α-helical bundle type I cytokine with broad pleiotropic actions on multiple lineages. Major actions of IL-4 were initially discovered for B and T cells, but this cytokine acts on more than a dozen different target cells spanning the innate and adaptive immune systems a …

In this review, recent advances in understanding these three IL-4-related branch points—alternative splicing of IL-4, differential receptor engagement by IL-4, and differential regulation of macrophage activation by IL-4—are summarized in light of …

IL-4 has been called the "prototypic immunoregulatory cytokine." Like many cytokines, it can affect a variety of target cells in multiple ways. IL-4 has an important role in regulating antibody production, hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the development of effector T-cell responses.

Two factors central to type-2 immunity are interleukin(IL)-4 and IL-13. These two cytokines have been linked to virtually all of the major disease hallmarks associated with type-2 inflammation. Therefore, IL-4 and IL-13 and their regulatory pathways …

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Like IL-17, IL-4 has also been reported to regulate the overall activity of neural networks. IL-4 acts presynaptically to increase inhibitory synaptic transmission.

Dec 25, 2024 · Moreover, IL-4, a type 2 cytokine, mediates and regulates a variety of human host responses such as allergic, anti-parasitic, wound healing, and acute inflammation. This cytokine has been reported to promote resolution of neutrophil-mediated acute lung injury.

Here we describe our current understanding of the organization of the IL-4 receptor, of the signaling pathways that are induced as a result of receptor occupancy, and of the various mechanisms through which receptor function is modulated.

Mar 6, 2020 · However, there is accumulating evidence showing that IL-4- and IL-13-mediated IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) signaling in both mouse and human neutrophils inhibits their migration and...

Jan 1, 2025 · IL-4 secreted by immune cells reduces the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS in the joint cavity; ameliorates synovial thickening and joint effusion caused by inflammatory stimulation; and delays joint swelling and pain in arthritis patients.

Jul 1, 2003 · Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is crucial for the differentiation of naive T helper (TH) cells into the TH2 effector cells that promote humoral (antibody) immunity and provide protection against...