Anti-aircraft warfare is the counter to aerial warfare and it includes "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action". It includes surface based, subsurface (submarine launched), … See more

The essence of air defence is to detect hostile aircraft and destroy them. The critical issue is to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space; an attack must not only match these … See more

Earliest use
The use of balloons by the U.S. Army during the American Civil War compelled the Confederates to develop methods of combating them. … See more

Most Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or … See more

It may also be called counter-air, anti-air, AA, flak, layered air defence or air defence forces.
The term air defence was probably first used by the UK when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force See more

While navies are usually responsible for their own air defence—at least for ships at sea—organisational arrangements for land-based air … See more

Although the firearms used by the infantry, particularly machine guns, can be used to engage low altitude air targets, on occasion with … See more