Morocco is Algeria's western neighbor and shares a long border with it. Both countries are part of the Maghreb region and have similar landscapes of mountains, deserts, and coastlines. They also share a common history of being colonized by France and having independence movements. Morocco has a large Arab and Berber population, as well as a significant influence of Islam in its culture.
Tunisia is Algeria's eastern neighbor and also shares a border with Libya. Tunisia is the smallest country in North Africa, but has a diverse geography of forests, plains, lakes, and beaches. It also has a rich cultural heritage of Phoenician, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and French influences. It is the only democracy in the region and has a progressive constitution that grants equal rights to women and minorities.
Libya is another eastern neighbor of Algeria and is the fourth-largest country in Africa by area. It is mostly covered by the Sahara desert, but has some fertile regions along the Mediterranean coast. It has a history of ancient civilizations, such as the Berbers and the Greeks, as well as modern conflicts and instability. It has a predominantly Arab and Muslim population, but also has some ethnic minorities, such as the Tuareg and the Tebu.
Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab world. It is located in the northeast corner of the continent, and has a long coastline along the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. It is famous for its ancient civilization, monuments, and culture, such as the pyramids, the Sphinx, and the Nile. It also has a modern and diverse society, with a mix of Arab, African, and Mediterranean influences. It has a strong role in the regional and international politics and economy.
Sudan is the third-largest country in Africa by area and is located south of Egypt. It has a varied geography of deserts, mountains, rivers, and swamps. It has a complex and turbulent history of colonization, civil wars, and secession, resulting in the creation of South Sudan in 2011. It has a diverse and multiethnic population, with a majority of Muslim Arabs in the north and a minority of Christian and animist Africans in the south.