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  2. Confucius | Biography, Teachings, & Facts | Britannica

    • Although the facts about the life of Chinese philosopher Confucius are scanty, they do establish a precise time frame and historical context. Confucius was born in the 22nd year of the reign of Duke Xiang of L… See more

    Life of Confucius

    Confucius was born near the end of an era known in Chinese history as the Spring and Autumn Period (770–481 BCE). His home was in Lu, a regional state of eastern China in what is n… See more

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    Sources on Confucius

    Sources on the life of Confucius are sparse. Official annals and other historical sources of the … See more

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    Teachings of Confucius

    Confucius thought that the rites, or ritual (li)—encompassing and expressing proper human conduct in all spheres of life—could steady a man and anchor a government and that th… See more

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    Later development of Confucian doctrines

    The next 250 years of Chinese history, known as the Warring States Period, was even more fraught with tension and uncertainty than the one Confucius had known. A r… See more

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  1. Towards the end of the Zhou Dynasty, as feudal lords fought over land, there was a scholar and government minister by the name of Kong Fuzi —later latinized as Confucius by sixteenth-century Jesuits. Confucius gained students and followers as he taught the classics: the ancient Zhou-era Book of Documents, the Book of Odes, and The Book of Changes.
    www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/a…
    Confucius was alive at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, during the Eastern Zhou, and argued for a restoration of the social and political order of the earlier Western Zhou period. The Book of Songs, reputedly compiled by Confucius, is a collection of odes from the Zhou period that tells us about the life of the people.
    afe.easia.columbia.edu/main_pop/kpct/kp_4000bc…

    After first recounting the process by which the Zhou’s political consolidation broke down over time and the rise of ministerial families during the Chunqiu period, the chapter then explores how Confucius viewed the authentic reinstatement of ritual (li 禮) as a remedy to the disorder of his times, how he did so while managing the tricky political constraints which faced him, and, finally, how he transformed the notion of the...

    academic.oup.com/edited-volume/45499/chapter/3…
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    Oct 9, 2012 · Three thousand years ago, the Duke of Zhou set China a glowing example. A paragon of virtue, he spelled out a philosophy of a ruler in harmony with heaven that inspired Confucius, and came to...

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  7. Zhou dynasty | History, Achievements, Art, & Facts

    Oct 3, 2024 · Zhou dynasty, dynasty that ruled ancient China for some eight centuries, establishing the distinctive political and cultural characteristics that were to be identified with China for the next two millennia. The Zhou dynasty …

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  9. Confucianism | Meaning, History, Beliefs, & Facts

    Oct 22, 2024 · Its implementation enabled the Western Zhou dynasty to survive in relative peace and prosperity for more than five centuries. Inspired by the statesmanship of Zhougong, Confucius harboured a lifelong dream to be in a …

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  10. Confucianism - World History Encyclopedia

    Jul 7, 2020 · The Five Classics are attributed to writers of the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BCE) which was in a period of decline during Confucius' lifetime. It may be that he did edit or revise the Five Classics, as tradition has held, but, …

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  11. Duke of Zhou - Wikipedia

    Dan, Duke Wen of Zhou, commonly known as the Duke of Zhou, was a member of the royal family of the early Zhou dynasty who played a major role in consolidating the kingdom established by his elder brother King Wu.

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