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    Ultrapure water - Wikipedia

    Ultrapure water (UPW), high-purity water or highly purified water (HPW) is water that has been purified to uncommonly stringent specifications. Ultrapure water is a term commonly used in manufacturing to emphasize the fact that the water is treated to the highest levels of purity for all contaminant types, including: … See more

    Bacteria, particles, organic, and inorganic sources of contamination vary depending on a number of factors, including the feed water to make UPW, as well as the selection of the … See more

    Critical UPW issues image
    Transport image

    UPW system design for semiconductor industry
    Typically, city feed-water (containing all the unwanted contaminants previously mentioned) is taken through a series of purification steps that, depending on the desired quality of … See more

    Stainless steel remains a piping material of choice for the pharmaceutical industry. Due to its metallic contribution, most steel was removed from … See more

    Applications image
    Purification process image

    Ultrapure water is treated through multiple steps to meet the quality standards for different users.
    The primary … See more

    On-line analytical measurements
    Conductivity/resistivity
    In pure water systems, electrolytic conductivity or … See more

    Particles control
    Particles in UPW are critical contaminants, which result in numerous forms of defects on wafer surfaces. With the large volume of UPW, which … See more

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  2. Ultrapure Water | The Different Varieties & Their Uses

    1 day ago · Ultrapure water (UPW) is water that has been purified to high levels of specification. As a standard, the water contains only H20, as well as balanced number of H+ and OH- ions. It has a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ.cm, TOC < 10 ppb …

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