The thorax is the region between the abdomen inferiorly and the root of the neck superiorly.[1][2] The thorax forms from the thoracic wall, its superficial structures (breast, muscles, and skin), and the thoracic cavity. A thorough comprehension of the anatomy and function of the thorax will help...

The thoracic wall consists of a bony framework held together by twelve thoracic vertebrae posteriorly, giving rise to ribs that encircle the lateral and anterior thoracic cavity. The first nine ribs curve around the lateral thoracic wall and connect to the manubrium and sternum. Ribs 10 to 12 are re...

The purpose of the lung is to provide oxygen to the blood. The respiratory system divides into airways and lung parenchyma. The airways consist of the bronchus, which bifurcates off the trachea and divides into bronchioles and then further into alveoli. The parenchyma is responsible for gas exchange...

The diaphragm in the thorax is called the thoracic diaphragm and serves as an important anatomical landmark that separates the thorax, or chest, from the abdomen. It functions during breathing when it contracts to enlarge the thoracic cavity and reduce the intrathoracic pressure so that lungs may ex...

The thoracic wall is made up of five muscles: the external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles, subcostalis, and transversus thoracis. These muscles are primarily responsible for changing the volume of the thoracic cavity during respiration. Other muscles...