When did oceans form on Earth? - SERC
Oct 5, 2007 · An ocean-free Earth existed, perhaps for several hundred million years as a consequence of extremely high surface temperatures following planetary accretion. The formation of oceans on Earth represents no less than a global-scale cooling of Earth's surface to temperatures at which water is stable as a liquid phase.
2A: Sea Ice & Ocean Currents - Climate and the Cryosphere
Nov 22, 2010 · Sea ice forms when frigid air from above lowers sea surface temperatures enough for salty ocean water to freeze (-1.8 degrees Celsius/28.8 degrees Fahrenheit). At first, a thin layer if ice forms on the water's surface. As the ice chills the water below it, the layer of ice grows thicker and deeper into the ocean below.
A Grand Tour of the Ocean Basins - GEODE Teaching Resources
Jun 26, 2019 · Summary. The Tour Stops are arranged in a teaching sequence, starting with continental rifting and incipient ocean basin formation in East Africa and the Red Sea and ending with the oldest surviving fragments of oceanic crust. Transforms and fracture zones are introduced, also abandoned basins, convergent boundaries, and marginal basins.
Tectonics & Long-Term Sea Level Change - Student Materials
Dec 7, 2016 · eruption and formation of large igneous provinces that originate from massive extrusions of lava, oceanic plateaus, hotspot volcanic island chains, etc. The rate at which volcanism occurs on the seafloor and along mid-ocean ridges (sea floor spreading rates) will play a role in where sea level occurs on continents and other land masses.
Lab 2: Earth's Frozen Oceans - Climate and the Cryosphere
Nov 22, 2010 · They then conduct an experiment to explore how salinity affects the density of ocean water and how the formation and melt of sea ice influences ocean currents all around the globe. For each small group of students, you will need: 3 small, clear containers (e.g., 250 mL beakers) masking tape; fresh (tap) water; salt water (35 g/L salinity) food ...
Unit 2: Hurricane Formation - Natural Hazards and Risks: Hurricanes
Aug 15, 2014 · Hurricanes form as the atmosphere and ocean interact to transport a tremendous amount of energy. Students will read about the conditions necessary for hurricane formation, how a hurricane evolves at sea, how it gains or loses speed, and the characteristics of a hurricane making landfall. Students will also use data to predict hurricane ...
Oil formation
The University of Waikato, Science Learning Hub. This animation summarizes how oil and gas form in sedimentary ocean basins. The process starts with dead plankton (organic plant and animal material) being deposited together with mud, sand and other sediments. It describes the process of sapropel, kerogen and hydrocarbon formation.
Thermohaline Circulation Demonstration - Activities
Jun 9, 2013 · Summary. This activity helps the students to visualize the effects of temperature and salinity on water density, and the resulting thermohaline circulation. Important processes visualized in this demonstration are upwelling, downwelling, and the formation of haloclines, thermoclines and pycnoclines. In addition, mixing by advection is clearly ...
Using the pH Scale and Carbonic Acid Formation to ... - Activities
Mar 31, 2014 · In this lab activity students use the pH scale and the reaction of carbon dioxide with water to understand ocean acidification and make predictions regarding the effect of ocean acidification on marine organisms by experimentally determining the effect of …
Complete List of Google Earth Activities - Teaching with Google …
A Grand Tour of the Ocean Basins part of GEODE:GEODE Teaching Resources The Tour Stops are arranged in a teaching sequence, starting with continental rifting and incipient ocean basin formation in East Africa and the Red Sea and ending with …