Coca leaves have been used by Andean civilizations since ancient times. In ancient Wari culture, Inca culture, and through modern successor indigenous cultures of the See more

Pharmacokinetics
The extent of absorption of cocaine into the systemic circulation after nasal insufflation is similar … See more

According to a 2016 United Nations report, England and Wales are the countries with the highest rate of cocaine usage (2.4% of adults in the previous year). Other countries where the usage rate meets or exceeds 1.5% are Spain and Scotland (2.2%), the United … See more

• Opioid involvement in cocaine overdose deaths in the US. The pale green line is cocaine without any opioid (bottom line in 2017). The yellow line is cocaine and synthetic opioids other … See more

Appearance
Cocaine in its purest form is a white, pearly product. Cocaine appearing in powder form is a See more

Discovery
Indigenous peoples of South America have chewed the leaves of Erythroxylon coca—a plant that contains vital nutrients as well as numerous See more

Legal status
The production, distribution, and sale of cocaine products is restricted (and illegal in most contexts) in most countries as regulated by the See more