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  1. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Empire

    Gao Empire - Wikipedia

    • The Gao Empire was a kingdom that ruled the Niger bend from approximately the 7th century CE until their fall to the Mali Empire in the late 14th century. Ruled by the Za dynasty from the capital of Gao, the empire was an important predecessor of the Songhai Empire. See more

    Historiography

    Apart from some Arabic epitaphs on tombstones discovered in 1939 at the cemetery of Gao-Saney (6 km to the east of the city) … See more

    History

    Gao-Saney was founded in the 7th century at the southern terminus of a trans-Saharan trade route powered by chariots. The route was dominated by Ibadi Berber merchants, who settled there. The area was also an important c… See more

    Map of Gao Mali Empire
    CapitalGao
    Common languagesSonghai
    ReligionIslam, African traditional religion
    GovernmentEmpire
    Economy

    Gao was one of the earliest sites of significant trans-Saharan trade in the 8th century, much earlier than scholars used to believe. The most important trade items were gold, copper, slaves, and salt. Gao was also a … See more

    Capital

    The archaeological evidence suggests that there were two settlements on the eastern bank of the Niger: Old Gao situated within the modern town, to the east of the Tomb of Askia, and the archaeological site of Gao-Saney (Sané … See more

    Language

    The people of the Gao Empire spoke Songay, a language belonging of the Saharo-Sahelian branch of the Nile-Saharan Family. The language was originally brought into the region along the great Bend … See more

    Notes

    1. ^ Bethwell A. Ogot, Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century, (UNESCO Publishing, 2000), 303.
    2. ^ Sauvaget 1950; Hunwick 1980; Moraes Farias 1990; Lange 1991 … See more

    Bibliography

    • Cissé, M.; et al. (2013). "Excavations at Gao Saney: New Evidence for Settlement Growth, Trade, and Interaction on the Niger Bend in the First Millennium CE". Journal of African Archaeology. 11 (1): 9–37. doi:10.3213/21… See more

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  1. Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com/place/Mali …

    Mali empire | History, Rulers, Downfall, Map, & Facts

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    • Britannica
      https://www.britannica.com/place/Gao …

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      • World History Encyclopedia
        https://www.worldhistory.org/Mali_Em

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      • Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Social Work
        https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/displa…

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