Dec 11, 2018 · “Shou” in Chinese means to close. “Zhōuqí” is the word for cycle. So, the Chinese intellectuals have talked about this oscillating pattern in their own country, over the last four …

Based upon the fang-shou cycle, the modern history of Chinese politics can be divided into distinct periods of political relaxing and tightening. The fang-shou cycle indicates that Chinese …

Baum’s description of fang and shou, or the cycles of liberalization and repression, is a useful framework for understanding not only that period but also other periods of change in Chinese …

Sep 8, 2021 · In “ China’s Leaders: From Mao to Now,” David Shambaugh, an internationally acclaimed expert on contemporary China, provides an in-depth look at the widely divergent …

Researchers of Chinese politics noticed an apparently oscillating pattern of political relaxing and tightening over the years, known as the fang (放: relaxing)-shou (收: tightening) cycle. This …

Shirk found (not unlike Deng Liqun) that expansion (fang) predominated in 1979–80, 1984, 1986–87, and 1988, while contraction (shou) predominated in 1981, 1985–86, 1987, and …

Mar 20, 2020 · In tracing the deeper historical roots of what Xi Jinping contemporarily frames as a “Chinese dream” of “wealth and power,” the article discerns key actors, events, and organizing …

Oct 20, 2021 · In sum, we are deep into the “shou” (tightening) phase of the latest “fang-shou cycle” (放收, loosening and tightening cycle) in Chinese politics, with no end in sight. China’s …

Over its history, the People’s Republic of China has cycled through softer and harder periods of authoritarianism. This is known in China as the “fang-shou cycle.” Today, we are seeing a …

The First Fang/Shou Cycle: November 1978-August 1980. Burying Mao: Chinese Politics in the Age of Deng Xiaoping - Updated Edition . Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 66-93.