Mechanical modifications in the soil subsurface for the purpose of alleviation of high-density or compacted soil layers are known as deep tillage operations [ 7 ]. Deep tillage can increase the soil volume used by crop roots and may thus assist in resolving restrictions in the subsoil, especially by increasing water uptake [ 7, 8, 9 ].

What is Deep Tillage? A deep ripper is used to break the compaction or hard pan by cutting channels and do some mixing to allow water to infiltrate and crop roots grow deeper in the soil profile.

Deep Tillage Deep ploughing turns out large sized clods, which are baked by the hot sun when it is done in summer. These clods crumble due to alternate heating and cooling and due to occasional summer showers. This process of gradual disintegration of clods improves soil structure.

The goal of deep tillage is root zone uniformity across the vineyard management unit with regard to depth, unrestricted subsurface drainage, and ample permeability to air, water, and roots.

Mechanical modifications of soil profiles, commonly referred to as deep tillage, could alleviate high subsoil strength, facilitating deeper rooting and the availability of subsoil resources to crops [ 15 ]. It is recognized that deep tillage is conducive to improving soil fertility, promoting the vigorous growth of roots [ 20 ].