Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with adverse effects in renal transplantation.1 The “direct effects” of CMV are caused by viral reactivation, replication (DNAemia), and CMV end-organ disease. The “indirect effects” of CMV include associations with acute rejection and late graft loss; v...

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a chronic and disabling condition characterized by recurrent thrombosis and miscarriages mediated by antibodies against phospholipid-binding proteins (aPL), such as beta2glycoprotein I (β2GPI). Complement is involved in APS animal models and complement deposits hav...

The lack of definitive approaches to suppress the development of posttransplant alloantibody or to treat antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a key challenge following solid organ and cell transplantation [reviewed in (1)]. Clinical data support a pathogenic role for alloantibodies in both acute and...