Experimental design. Figure 1 illustrates the graphic representation of the Laboratory set-up, depicting a plexiglass bioreactor with measurements of L × W × H = 0.24m × 0.1m × 0.22m. This reactor functions as a Regular membrane bioreactor (RMBR) and holds a functional volume of 5 L. Additionally, there is another reactor sharing identical dimensions, serving as the IMBMBR.

Integrated Membrane Bioreactors (IMBRs) unite membrane filtration with the biological treatment process into one single device. They combine extra treatment phases—such as polishing, disinfection, or pre-treatment—into a small, simple package.

Anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) technology is gaining attention as a cost-effective and sustainable solution for treating organic wastewater, achieving high treatment and filtration efficiencies without the need for costly filter material.

First, vaterite microparticles were fabricated by the co-precipitation of CaCl 2 and Na 2 CO 3.To obtain a final volume of 1 mL, CaCl 2 (1 M, 333 μL, distilled water) was mixed first with the solution containing the enzyme(s) (varying concentrations, 333 μL, 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer at pH = 7.0). Subsequently, Na 2 CO 3 (1 M, 333 μL, distilled water) was added under vigorous stirring for 30 s ...

The primary aim of this work was to share the results from a Research Project supported by the Italian National Research Council, which led to the development of a versatile jacketed tower bioreactor. Designed to optimize oxygen transfer efficiency and process control, the reactor incorporated a reciprocating air compressor, centrifugal pumps, a draft tube with or without perforated plates ...