In this stage, there are few poorly connected streams flowing over old slopes. The valley is deep, narrow, and V-shaped, with little to no floodplains. Downcutting is more impor… See more

At this stage, there are many well-connected streams. Lateral erosion becomes more important than vertical erosion. The valleys are still V-shaped but wider and d… See more

As the river flows downstream across a flat plain, sediments weigh it down. While the banks still erode sideways, vertical erosion nearly stops. Older tributaries are rare and have gentl… See more

A river valley is a low area where a stream flows. In its early stages, the valley is deep, narrow, and “V”-shaped with steep sides due to vertical erosion. As it matures, the valley floor … See more

These valleys are known as “I-shaped valleys” because their sides are almost parallel, creating an “I” shape. A gorge is a deep, narrow valley with steep, straight sides. The … See more