The Earth's interior is composed of four layers, three solid and one liquid—not magma but molten metal, nearly as hot as the surface of the sun. The deepest layer is a solid iron ball ...

To learn why, where, and how earthquakes happen, you need to familiarize your students with the interior of the Earth and a model called plate tectonics. The engine behind the earthquake machine ...

The stiff outer layer of Earth (the lithosphere ... it can be used as a tool to probe the planet’s deep interior, providing new insight on the nature of the rocks in and beneath a tectonic ...

How do scientists explore Earth's hidden interior — its crust, mantle, and core? The answer lies in earthquake waves. Like X-rays, these seismic waves travel through and reflect off internal ...

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The Earth's mantle might not always move along in lockstep with the overlying tectonic crust—as set out in science textbooks for decades—but may instead behave differently. This is the ...

Many geologists attribute the great variation in the temperature gradient to complex irregularities in the structure of the earth's crust. Some even maintain that the interior of the earth is cold ...

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