The only explanation then is that the ancient minerals originated at the source of volcanism, in the Earth's mantle beneath the plate, long before the formation of today's volcanoes. But that ...

Future missions to Venus could also supply additional data on the density and temperature of the planet's crust, which could be used to test the researchers' hypothesis. If crustal convection is ...

On Earth, convection deep in the mantle provides the energy that drives ... Surface temperatures reach 870°F, and its volcanoes and other surface features show clear signs of melting.

A magma hotspot is a localized area in Earth's mantle where unusually hot rock rises toward the surface, causing volcanic activity. Unlike volcanoes at tectonic plate boundaries, hotspots occur in ...

Venus may be far more geologically alive than anyone expected. New research suggests its outer crust could be churning with convection, a process that helps move heat and may explain the planet’s tens ...