This Roman lead drain pipe ("plumbaria") was found at Bothwellhaugh Roman Fort, Lanarkshire, Scotland and was picked by Shauna Joy, second year student at the University of Glasgow (Single Honours ...

The devastating health effects of lead exposure are well-documented, even at low levels. Modern studies highlight how lead disrupts cognitive development, particularly in children. Research, published ...

Roman water engineers build these rather ... Water exits the pipes at nearly the same height as it entered. The pipes are usually built of lead, which is costly, but the material can handle ...

Later the Roman Empire used lead for tableware and for construction, including pipes. Previous research – including an analysis of ice cores from Greenland – had detected high levels of lead across ...

The overuse of lead, particularly in pipes, drinking cups ... which affected the Roman elite. The symptoms of cognitive decline, infertility, and mental instability could have quietly undermined ...

Later the Roman Empire used lead for tableware and for construction, including pipes. Previous research – including an analysis of ice cores from Greenland – had detected high levels of lead ...