The other flows from opium trafficking supported by the Taliban ... The ensuing decade-long war between the Soviets and the U.S.-backed mujahideen claimed farm-to-market roads, irrigation canals ...

Opium was also a key commodity in early international trade ... as thousands of Civil War veterans came home addicted. The further refinement of morphine into diacetylmorphine, aka heroin ...

Further hostilities broke out in the Second Opium War of 1856-58 when combined British and French forces again inflicted military defeats on China and demanded further concessions on trade.

ZHENG YANGWEN:That the Chinese were buying a little bit of opium every time, and that number was increasing. PRESENTER:'The key to the opium ... This led to war, after the Chinese destroyed ...

A key feature of China’s opium ... confiscate and destroy millions of pounds of opium from British merchants. The result was ...

While synthetic opiods are a relatively new class of drugs, opium has a long destructive history in trade wars and warfare, beginning with the First Opium War. In his new history, Amitav Ghosh ...

The British forces inflicted a series of military defeats on the Chinese until in 1842, when the war was ended with the Treaty of Nanking. The treaty opened five Chinese ports to British traders, ...