For much of his post-war life, Czapski endeavoured to convince Western public opinion of his view of this history. In 1944, in Rome, he issued Wspomnienia Starobielskie. Sources: Inhuman Land.

In the years 1942 to 1945, Józef Czapski wrote nearly 1,500 pages across eight notebooks. He would later assemble the notes that filled them, making up his ‘Diary’, into ‘Inhuman Land’ – his most ...