Patients with Stage D mitral stenosis with amenable valve morphology, no thrombus in the left atrium, and mild (below angiographic grade 2+) or no mitral regurgitation (Otto CM, et al. Circulation.

This grading is, for the most part ... Conversely, the murmur of mitral stenosis is low-pitched since there is a lower pressure gradient between the LA and the LV during diastole.

Percutaneous valve interventions have shown great success in the treatment of mitral stenosis, as well as for aortic and pulmonary valve replacements (e.g., SAPIEN [Edwards, CA, USA], CoreValve ...