For example, the symbol for tungsten is "W ... number is a weighted average of the various naturally-occurring isotopes of an element based on their abundance. The atomic mass for certain manmade ...

For example, most carbon (≈ 99 % ... forming the heavy stable isotope of this important element. Stable isotopes do not decay into other elements. In contrast, radioactive isotopes (e.g., 14C) are ...

Isotopes trace the origin and movement of key elements and substances. Owing to isotopic fractionations associated with physical and biological reactions, nutrient and element pools within and among ...

Generally, the heavier elements have radioactive isotopes while the lighter elements are stable. There are exceptions to this rule though. Many isotopes are present for a very short time because of ...

The number of electrons present inside an atom or element determines the chemical properties of the atom or element. Because the number of electrons in an atom and its isotopes are the same, the ...

Eighty out of the first 82 elements in the periodic table have stable ... by measuring their amounts and proportions in samples, for example in water samples. Naturally-occurring stable isotopes of ...