Cyanobacteria began contributing oxygen to Earth's mostly noxious atmosphere more than 2 billion years ago. The photosystem ...

More than two billion years ago, cyanobacteria started to produce oxygen in the primarily toxic atmosphere of Earth.

In particular, organelles called chloroplasts allow plants to capture ... to the earliest cells that evolved the ability to capture light energy and use it to produce energy-rich molecules.

In the study, the researchers inserted energy-making chloroplasts from a rare red algae into Chinese hamster cells, enabling the cells to photosynthesize light ... and the high levels of ...