and an increase in the ATP/ADP ratio (1); the increased ATP/ADP ratio leads to closing of the potassium channel and depolarization of the cell (2); and cell depolarization opens a calcium channel ...

Energy is released from ATP when the end phosphate is removed. Once ATP has released energy, it becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate), which is a low energy molecule. ADP can be recharged back into ...

1a). Standard curves are generated to mimic ADP generation during an enzymatic reaction: total adenosine concentration (ATP plus ADP) is kept constant for each sample while the percentage of ADP ...