Middlesex is a former county in South East England, now mainly within Greater London. Its boundaries largely followed three rivers: the Tha…Middlesex is a former county in South East England, now mainly within Greater London. Its boundaries largely followed three rivers: the Thames in the south, the Lea to the east and the Colne to the west. A line of hills formed its northern boundary with Hertfordshire. The county was the second smallest of the historic counties of England, after Rutland.