Culpeper is an incorporated town located in Virginia, United States. The population was 21,923 at the 2020 census, up from 16,379 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Culpeper County. After establishing Culpeper County, Virginia in 1748, the Virginia House of Burgesses voted to establish the Town of Fairfax on February 22, 1759. The name ho…Culpeper is an incorporated town located in Virginia, United States. The population was 21,923 at the 2020 census, up from 16,379 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Culpeper County. After establishing Culpeper County, Virginia in 1748, the Virginia House of Burgesses voted to establish the Town of Fairfax on February 22, 1759. The name honored Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron who was proprietor of the Northern Neck peninsula, a vast domain north of the Rappahannock River; his territory was then defined as stretching from Chesapeake Bay to what is now Hampshire County, West Virginia.